Q2 - THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY
THE BODY ORGANS AND SYSTEMS IN HARMONY
Pj Miana
System:
Musculoskeletal
- Healthful
Habits:
1. Exercise regularly,
including strength training.
2. Eat foods with
calcium and vitamin D.
3. Maintain good posture
and ergonomics.
4. Get enough sleep for
muscle recovery.
- Important
Notes:
- Musculoskeletal refers
to your muscles and bones.
- Calcium and vitamin D
are essential for strong bones.
- Good posture helps
prevent muscle strain.
System: Integumentary (Skin)
- Healthful
Habits:
1. Clean and moisturize
your skin daily.
2. Use sunscreen to
protect from the sun’s harmful rays.
3. Stay hydrated for
healthy skin.
- Important
Notes:
- Integumentary means
your skin, hair, and nails.
- Sunscreen shields your
skin from sunburn and skin cancer.
System: Digestive
- Healthful
Habits:
1. Eat a balanced diet
with fiber and probiotics.
2. Chew your food
thoroughly for better digestion.
3. Stay hydrated and
avoid overeating.
- Important
Notes:
- Digestive system
processes the food you eat.
- Fiber helps with
smooth digestion.
System: Circulatory (Heart
and Blood Vessels)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Exercise regularly to
keep your heart healthy.
2. Maintain a healthy
blood pressure.
3. Limit saturated fats
and sodium in your diet.
- Important
Notes:
- Circulatory system
includes the heart and blood vessels.
- Blood pressure
measures the force of blood in your arteries.
System: Excretory (Kidneys)
- Healthful
Habits:
1. Drink plenty of water
to flush out toxins.
2. Eat a balanced diet
with fiber.
3. Avoid too much
alcohol and caffeine.
- Important
Notes:
- Excretory system helps
remove waste from the body.
- Kidneys filter your
blood to remove waste.
System: Respiratory (Lungs)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Avoid smoking and
secondhand smoke.
2. Practice deep
breathing exercises.
3. Maintain good indoor
air quality.
- Important
Notes:
- Respiratory system
includes the lungs and airways.
- Smoking harms your
lungs and can cause lung cancer.
System: Nervous (Brain and
Nerves)
- Healthful Habits:
1. Manage stress through
relaxation techniques.
2. Get enough sleep for
a healthy brain.
3. Stay mentally active
with puzzles and games.
- Important Notes:
- The nervous system
controls your thoughts, movements, and feelings.
- Sleep is crucial for a
sharp and alert mind.
IMPORTANT
WORDS TO REMEMBER:
Musculoskeletal:
1. Skeleton: The framework of
bones that gives structure and support to the body.
2. Ligaments: Tough bands of
tissue that connect bones to one another.
3. Tendons: Cords of tissue that
attach muscles to bones.
4. Calcium: A mineral essential
for strong bones and muscle function.
5. Vitamin D: A nutrient that
helps the body absorb calcium and maintain bone health.
6. Posture: The position in which
you hold your body while standing, sitting, or moving.
7. Strength training: Exercises
to build and strengthen muscles.
8. Flexibility: The ability of
muscles and joints to move through their full range of motion.
9. Muscles: Contractile tissues
in the body responsible for movement.
10. Bone density: A measure of
the amount of minerals in the bones.
11. Osteoporosis: A condition
where bones become brittle and fragile due to low bone density.
12. Orthopedics: A branch of
medicine specializing in musculoskeletal problems.
13. Fracture: A broken bone.
14. Cartilage: A flexible
connective tissue that cushions joints.
15. Muscle recovery: The process
by which muscles repair and grow stronger after exercise.
Integumentary (Skin):
1. Dermis: The inner layer of
skin containing blood vessels, nerves, and hair follicles.
2. Epidermis: The outermost layer
of skin responsible for protection.
3. Melanin: A pigment that gives
color to the skin, hair, and eyes.
4. UV rays: Ultraviolet radiation
from the sun that can damage the skin.
5. Sunscreen: A product applied
to the skin to protect it from UV rays.
6. Hydration: The process of
maintaining adequate water in the body for healthy skin.
7. Sweat glands: Structures that
release sweat to regulate body temperature.
8. Acne: A common skin condition
characterized by pimples and blemishes.
9. Dermatology: The medical
specialty focused on skin disorders.
10. Sunburn: Skin damage caused
by overexposure to UV rays.
11. Skin cancer: A disease where
cancer cells develop on the skin.
12. Moisturizer: A product used
to prevent dryness and maintain skin's moisture.
13. Hair follicles: Small
structures in the skin from which hair grows.
14. Nails: Hard coverings at the
ends of fingers and toes.
15. Epithelial cells: Cells that
make up the outermost layer of skin and serve as a barrier.
Digestive:
1. Digestion: The process of
breaking down food into smaller, absorbable nutrients.
2. Enzymes: Biological molecules
that aid in digestion by speeding up chemical reactions.
3. Fiber: A type of carbohydrate
that aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation.
4. Probiotics: Beneficial
bacteria that promote a healthy balance in the gut.
5. Nutrients: Substances in food
that provide nourishment for the body.
6. Esophagus: The muscular tube
that connects the throat to the stomach.
7. Stomach: An organ that stores
and digests food.
8. Small intestine: The part of
the digestive system where nutrient absorption occurs.
9. Large intestine: The final
section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed.
10. Pancreas: A gland that
produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar.
11. Gallbladder: An organ that
stores bile and helps digest fats.
12. Nutrient absorption: The
process by which the body absorbs nutrients from food.
13. Metabolism: The body's
process of converting food into energy and other substances.
14. Gastroenterologist: A doctor
who specializes in digestive system disorders.
15. Food pyramid: A visual guide
to a balanced diet, showing recommended food groups.
Circulatory (Heart and Blood
Vessels):
1. Cardiovascular: Related to the
heart and blood vessels.
2. Heart rate: The number of
times the heart beats per minute.
3. Arteries: Blood vessels that
carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.
4. Veins: Blood vessels that
return oxygen-depleted blood to the heart.
5. Blood pressure: The force of
blood against the walls of the arteries.
6. Atherosclerosis: The buildup
of fatty deposits in the arteries.
7. Cardiologist: A doctor who
specializes in heart health.
8. Pacemaker: A device that helps
regulate the heart's rhythm.
9. Oxygenated blood: Blood rich
in oxygen, usually coming from the lungs.
10. Deoxygenated blood: Blood low
in oxygen, returning to the heart.
11. Hypertension: High blood
pressure, a risk factor for heart disease.
12. Capillaries: Tiny blood
vessels where oxygen and nutrients are exchanged.
13. Cholesterol: A fatty
substance that can build up in arteries.
14. Plaque: A buildup of
cholesterol in the arteries.
15. Hemoglobin: A protein in red
blood cells that carries oxygen.
Excretory (Kidneys):
1. Kidneys: Organs that filter
waste products from the blood.
2. Nephrons: Functional units of
the kidney responsible for filtering blood.
3. Filtration: The process of
separating waste from the blood.
4. Urea: A waste product filtered
from the blood and excreted in urine.
5. Urine: Liquid waste excreted
from the body.
6. Bladder: An organ that stores
urine before it is excreted.
7. Toxins: Harmful substances
that need to be removed from the body.
8. Hydration: Maintaining proper
water balance in the body.
9. Urologist: A doctor who
specializes in urinary system health.
10. Renal function: The kidney's
ability to filter blood and remove waste.
11. Dialysis: A medical procedure
that filters blood when the kidneys can't.
12. Glomerulus: A network of tiny
blood vessels in the kidney where filtration occurs.
13. Electrolytes: Minerals in the
body necessary for various functions, including muscle contractions.
14. Kidney stones: Hard mineral
deposits that can form in the kidneys.
15. Nephrology: The medical
specialty focused on kidney disorders.
Respiratory (Lungs):
1. Lungs: Organs responsible for
breathing and gas exchange.
2. Trachea: The windpipe, which
carries air to and from the lungs.
3. Bronchi: Air passages that
branch from the trachea into the lungs.
4. Alveoli: Tiny air sacs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
5. Oxygen: A gas essential for
the body's energy production.
6. Carbon dioxide: A waste gas
expelled from the body when breathing out.
7. Bronchitis: Inflammation of
the airways, often due to infection.
8. Pneumonia: A lung infection
that can lead to breathing difficulties.
9. Asthma: A chronic condition
causing airway constriction and breathing problems.
10. Lung capacity: The amount of
air the lungs can hold.
11. Pulmonologist: A doctor who
specializes in respiratory system health.
12. Diaphragm: A muscle that
helps control breathing.
13. Respiratory rate: The number
of breaths taken per minute.
14. Cilia:
Tiny hair-like structures in the airways
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